Anthropogenic Impacts on the Microbial Ecology and Function of Aquatic Environments

Anthropogenic Impacts on the Microbial Ecology and Function of Aquatic Environments PDF

Author: Maurizio Labbate

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Published: 2016-09-06

Total Pages: 250

ISBN-13: 2889199398

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Aquatic ecosystems are currently experiencing unprecedented levels of impact from human activities including over-exploitation of resources, habitat destruction, pollution and the influence of climate change. The impacts of these activities on the microbial ecology of aquatic environments are only now beginning to be defined. One of the many implications of environmental degradation and climate change is the geographical expansion of disease- causing microbes such as those from the Vibrio genus. Elevating sea surface temperatures correlate with increasing Vibrio numbers and disease in marine animals (e.g. corals) and humans. Contamination of aquatic environments with heavy metals and other pollutants affects microbial ecology with downstream effects on biogeochemical cycles and nutrient turnover. Also of importance is the pollution of aquatic environments with antibiotics, resistance genes and the mobile genetic elements that house resistance genes from human and animal waste. Such contaminated environments act as a source of resistance genes long after an antibiotic has ceased being used in the community. Environments contaminated with mobile genetic elements that are adapted to human commensals and pathogens function to capture new resistance genes for potential reintroduction back into clinical environments. This research topic encompasses these diverse topics and describes the affect(s) of human activity on the microbial ecology and function in aquatic environments and, describes methods of restoration and for modelling disturbances.

Anthropogenic Impacts on the Microbial Ecology and Function of Aquatic Environments

Anthropogenic Impacts on the Microbial Ecology and Function of Aquatic Environments PDF

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 2016

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

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Aquatic ecosystems are currently experiencing unprecedented levels of impact from human activities including over-exploitation of resources, habitat destruction, pollution and the influence of climate change. The impacts of these activities on the microbial ecology of aquatic environments are only now beginning to be defined. One of the many implications of environmental degradation and climate change is the geographical expansion of disease- causing microbes such as those from the Vibrio genus. Elevating sea surface temperatures correlate with increasing Vibrio numbers and disease in marine animals (e.g. corals) and humans. Contamination of aquatic environments with heavy metals and other pollutants affects microbial ecology with downstream effects on biogeochemical cycles and nutrient turnover. Also of importance is the pollution of aquatic environments with antibiotics, resistance genes and the mobile genetic elements that house resistance genes from human and animal waste. Such contaminated environments act as a source of resistance genes long after an antibiotic has ceased being used in the community. Environments contaminated with mobile genetic elements that are adapted to human commensals and pathogens function to capture new resistance genes for potential reintroduction back into clinical environments. This research topic encompasses these diverse topics and describes the affect(s) of human activity on the microbial ecology and function in aquatic environments and, describes methods of restoration and for modelling disturbances.

Anthropogenic Pollution of Aquatic Ecosystems

Anthropogenic Pollution of Aquatic Ecosystems PDF

Author: Donat-P. Häder

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2021-09-30

Total Pages: 426

ISBN-13: 3030756025

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This book provides examples of pollutants, such as accidental oil spills and non-degradable plastic debris, which affect marine organisms of all taxa. Terrestrial runoff washes large amounts of dissolved organic materials from agriculture and industry, toxic heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, and persistent organic pollutants which end up into rivers, coastal habitats, and open waters. While this book is not intended to encyclopaedically list all kinds of pollution, it rather exemplifies the problems by concentrating on a number of serious and prominent recent developments. The chapters in this book also discuss measures to decrease and remove aquatic pollution to mitigate the stress on aquatic organisms. Aquatic ecosystems provide a wide range of ecological and economical services. In addition to providing a large share of the staple diet for a fast growing human population, oceans absorb most of the anthropogenically emitted carbon dioxide and mitigate climate change. As well as rising temperatures and ocean acidification, pollution poses increasing problems for aquatic ecosystems and organisms reducing its functioning and services which are exposed to a plethora of stress factors.

The Structure and Function of Aquatic Microbial Communities

The Structure and Function of Aquatic Microbial Communities PDF

Author: Christon J. Hurst

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2019-05-13

Total Pages: 351

ISBN-13: 3030167755

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This book discusses how aquatic microbial communities develop interactive metabolic coordination both within and between species to optimize their energetics. It explains that microbial community structuration often includes functional stratification among a multitude of organisms that variously exist either suspended in the water, lodged in sediments, or bound to one another as biofilms on solid surfaces. The authors describe techniques that can be used for preparing and distributing microbiologically safe drinking water, which presents the challenge of successfully removing the pathogenic members of the aquatic microbial community and then safely delivering that water to consumers. Drinking water distribution systems have their own microbial ecology, which we must both understand and control in order to maintain the safety of the water supply. Since studying aquatic microorganisms often entails identifying them, the book also discusses techniques for successfully isolating and cultivating bacteria. As such, it appeals to microbiologists, microbial ecologists and water quality scientists.

Disregarded Microbial Diversity and Ecological Potentials in Aquatic Systems

Disregarded Microbial Diversity and Ecological Potentials in Aquatic Systems PDF

Author: Telesphore Sime-Ngando

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2014-10-17

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9789400735347

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Severely increasing anthropic pressure on natural water bodies sets a societal context where it is urgent to better understand the role of microbial biodiversity in aquatic ecosystem dynamics and resilience to perturbations. Micro-organisms regulate the chemical composition of the biosphere, influence climates, recycle nutrients, and decompose pollutants. The diversity of microbial communities and their ecological and metabolic functions are being explored in a variety of natural ecosystems, including extreme environments. Because of technical constraints, microbiologists have focused their efforts mainly on prokaryotes. In the environment, and particularly in aquatic ecosystems, the diversity and dynamics of microbial eukaryotes are still poorly understood. Among the new paradigms and challenges constantly emerging in aquatic sciences, probing the unexplored reservoir of novel ‘species’, genes, and metabolic pathways from microbial eukaryotes offers, perhaps, the most exciting research opportunity for the future. These were discussed during the topical session # 11 of the ASLO 2009 aquatic sciences meeting held at Nice, France, through a combination of invited and selected talks and posters. This book brings together part of these talks and presents contributions on ‘disregarded’ microbial eukaryote diversity and its ecological potential in aquatic ecosystems. We hope that this collection of papers will greatly expand our knowledge of the roles of eukaryotic microbes in aquatic ecosystems and will serve as a basis for significant research in the future. We believe that the decade to come promises exciting ecology on the interactions between microbial diversity, hidden genes and functions, and food web dynamics in aquatic systems.

Microbial Enzymes in Aquatic Environments

Microbial Enzymes in Aquatic Environments PDF

Author: Ryszard J. Chrost

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 333

ISBN-13: 146123090X

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Organic matter in aquatic environments consists mostly of large compounds which cannot be taken up and utilized directly by microbial cells. Prior to incorporation, polymeric materials undergo degradation by cell-bound and extracellular enzymes produced by these microbes; in fact, such enzymatic mobilization and transformation is the key process which regulates the turnover of organic as well as inorganic compounds in aquatic environments. This volume brings together studies on enzymatic degradation processes from disciplines as diverse as water and sediment research, bacterial and algal aquatic ecophysiology, eutrophication, and nutrient cycling and biogeochemistry, in both freshwater and marine ecosystems. Its scope extends from fundamental research exploring the contribution of microbial enzymatic processes to whole ecosystem functioning to practical applications in water biotechnology. The first comprehensive publication providing an overview of this emerging field of enzymology, Microbial Enzymes in Aquatic Environments will be of great interest to ecologists and microbiologists alike.

Hydrogeochemistry of Aquatic Ecosystems

Hydrogeochemistry of Aquatic Ecosystems PDF

Author: Sughosh Madhav

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2023-03-06

Total Pages: 436

ISBN-13: 1119870534

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Hydrogeochemistry of Aquatic Ecosystems Discover the geological foundation of global water supply, focusing on resource conservation and restoration Hydrogeochemistry explores the connections between the geology of a region and the chemical characteristics and quality of its water sources, including such factors as erosion, evaporation, and, increasingly, man-made activities. With the emergence of climate change as a major factor reshaping water quality and availability, the need to understand interactions between hydrochemistry and geology has never been greater. Hydrogeochemistry of Aquatic Ecosystems meets this need by offering foundational knowledge about the hydrochemistry of different types of aquatic systems, the nature of their interactions with various pollutants and geological processes, and the possibilities and dangers of human intervention. With a particular focus on aqueous resource conservation and restoration, this is a vital, timely guide to a potentially life-saving subject. Hydrogeochemistry of Aquatic Ecosystems readers will also find: Detailed treatment of water-sediment interactions, arsenic and fluoride enrichment, sand mining, and many other subjects Coverage throughout of solute acquisition processes, the carbon cycle, and nutrient geochemistry Case studies from Asia and Africa demonstrating both natural and anthropogenic hydrogeochemical interactions Hydrogeochemistry of Aquatic Ecosystems is indispensable for professionals and researchers in environmental science and environmental engineering, as well as scholars and advanced graduate students working on aquatic ecosystems or effects of climate change.

Freshwater Microbiology

Freshwater Microbiology PDF

Author: Suhaib A. Bandh

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2019-08-01

Total Pages: 450

ISBN-13: 012817496X

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Freshwater Microbiology: Perspectives of Bacterial Dynamics in Lake Ecosystems provides a comprehensive and systematic analysis of microbial ecology in lakes. It offers basic information on how well the bacterial community composition varies along the spatio-temporal and trophic gradients along with the evaluation of the bioindicator species of bacteria so as to act as a key to predict the trophic status of lake ecosystems. The book helps to identify the factors of potential importance in structuring the bacterial communities in lakes as it delves into the dynamics and diversity of bacterial community composition in relation to various water quality parameters. It helps to identify the possibility of bioremediation plans and devising future policy decisions, with better conservation and management practices. Provides a comprehensive and systematic analysis of microbial ecology Helps to identify the factors of potential importance in structuring the bacterial community composition Gives insight into the bacterial diversity of freshwater lake ecosystems along with their industrial potential Caters to the needs and aspirations of students and professional researchers

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