Analog VLSI

Analog VLSI PDF

Author: Shih-Chii Liu

Publisher: MIT Press

Published: 2002

Total Pages: 466

ISBN-13: 9780262122559

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An introduction to the design of analog VLSI circuits. Neuromorphic engineers work to improve the performance of artificial systems through the development of chips and systems that process information collectively using primarily analog circuits. This book presents the central concepts required for the creative and successful design of analog VLSI circuits. The discussion is weighted toward novel circuits that emulate natural signal processing. Unlike most circuits in commercial or industrial applications, these circuits operate mainly in the subthreshold or weak inversion region. Moreover, their functionality is not limited to linear operations, but also encompasses many interesting nonlinear operations similar to those occurring in natural systems. Topics include device physics, linear and nonlinear circuit forms, translinear circuits, photodetectors, floating-gate devices, noise analysis, and process technology.

Analog VLSI and Neural Systems

Analog VLSI and Neural Systems PDF

Author: Carver Mead

Publisher: Addison Wesley Publishing Company

Published: 1989

Total Pages: 416

ISBN-13:

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A self-contained text, suitable for a broad audience. Presents basic concepts in electronics, transistor physics, and neurobiology for readers without backgrounds in those areas. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

An Analog VLSI System for Stereoscopic Vision

An Analog VLSI System for Stereoscopic Vision PDF

Author: Misha Mahowald

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 1994-03-31

Total Pages: 240

ISBN-13: 9780792394440

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An Analog VLSI System for Stereoscopic Vision investigates the interaction of the physical medium and the computation in both biological and analog VLSI systems by synthesizing a functional neuromorphic system in silicon. In both the synthesis and analysis of the system, a point of view from within the system is adopted rather than that of an omniscient designer drawing a blueprint. This perspective projects the design and the designer into a living landscape. The motivation for a machine-centered perspective is explained in the first chapter. The second chapter describes the evolution of the silicon retina. The retina accurately encodes visual information over orders of magnitude of ambient illumination, using mismatched components that are calibrated as part of the encoding process. The visual abstraction created by the retina is suitable for transmission through a limited bandwidth channel. The third chapter introduces a general method for interchip communication, the address-event representation, which is used for transmission of retinal data. The address-event representation takes advantage of the speed of CMOS relative to biological neurons to preserve the information of biological action potentials using digital circuitry in place of axons. The fourth chapter describes a collective circuit that computes stereodisparity. In this circuit, the processing that corrects for imperfections in the hardware compensates for inherent ambiguity in the environment. The fifth chapter demonstrates a primitive working stereovision system. An Analog VLSI System for Stereoscopic Vision contributes to both computer engineering and neuroscience at a concrete level. Through the construction of a working analog of biological vision subsystems, new circuits for building brain-style analog computers have been developed. Specific neuropysiological and psychophysical results in terms of underlying electronic mechanisms are explained. These examples demonstrate the utility of using biological principles for building brain-style computers and the significance of building brain-style computers for understanding the nervous system.

Analog VLSI Implementation of Neural Systems

Analog VLSI Implementation of Neural Systems PDF

Author: Carver Mead

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 250

ISBN-13: 1461316391

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This volume contains the proceedings of a workshop on Analog Integrated Neural Systems held May 8, 1989, in connection with the International Symposium on Circuits and Systems. The presentations were chosen to encompass the entire range of topics currently under study in this exciting new discipline. Stringent acceptance requirements were placed on contributions: (1) each description was required to include detailed characterization of a working chip, and (2) each design was not to have been published previously. In several cases, the status of the project was not known until a few weeks before the meeting date. As a result, some of the most recent innovative work in the field was presented. Because this discipline is evolving rapidly, each project is very much a work in progress. Authors were asked to devote considerable attention to the shortcomings of their designs, as well as to the notable successes they achieved. In this way, other workers can now avoid stumbling into the same traps, and evolution can proceed more rapidly (and less painfully). The chapters in this volume are presented in the same order as the corresponding presentations at the workshop. The first two chapters are concerned with fmding solutions to complex optimization problems under a predefmed set of constraints. The first chapter reports what is, to the best of our knowledge, the first neural-chip design. In each case, the physics of the underlying electronic medium is used to represent a cost function in a natural way, using only nearest-neighbor connectivity.

Analog VLSI Circuits for the Perception of Visual Motion

Analog VLSI Circuits for the Perception of Visual Motion PDF

Author: Alan A. Stocker

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2006-03-30

Total Pages: 242

ISBN-13: 0470034882

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Although it is now possible to integrate many millions of transistors on a single chip, traditional digital circuit technology is now reaching its limits, facing problems of cost and technical efficiency when scaled down to ever-smaller feature sizes. The analysis of biological neural systems, especially for visual processing, has allowed engineers to better understand how complex networks can effectively process large amounts of information, whilst dealing with difficult computational challenges. Analog and parallel processing are key characteristics of biological neural networks. Analog VLSI circuits using the same features can therefore be developed to emulate brain-style processing. Using standard CMOS technology, they can be cheaply manufactured, permitting efficient industrial and consumer applications in robotics and mobile electronics. This book explores the theory, design and implementation of analog VLSI circuits, inspired by visual motion processing in biological neural networks. Using a novel approach pioneered by the author himself, Stocker explains in detail the construction of a series of electronic chips, providing the reader with a valuable practical insight into the technology. Analog VLSI Circuits for the Perception of Visual Motion: analyses the computational problems in visual motion perception; examines the issue of optimization in analog networks through high level processes such as motion segmentation and selective attention; demonstrates network implementation in analog VLSI CMOS technology to provide computationally efficient devices; sets out measurements of final hardware implementation; illustrates the similarities of the presented circuits with the human visual motion perception system; includes an accompanying website with video clips of circuits under real-time visual conditions and additional supplementary material. With a complete review of all existing neuromorphic analog VLSI systems for visual motion sensing, Analog VLSI Circuits for the Perception of Visual Motion is a unique reference for advanced students in electrical engineering, artificial intelligence, robotics and computational neuroscience. It will also be useful for researchers, professionals, and electronics engineers working in the field.

Mixed Analog-digital VLSI Devices and Technology

Mixed Analog-digital VLSI Devices and Technology PDF

Author: Yannis Tsividis

Publisher: World Scientific

Published: 2002

Total Pages: 300

ISBN-13: 9789812381118

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Improve your circuit-design potential with this expert guide to the devices and technology used in mixed analog-digital VLSI chips for such high-volume applications as hard-disk drives, wireless telephones, and consumer electronics. The book provides you with a critical understanding of device models, fabrication technology, and layout as they apply to mixed analog-digital circuits.You will learn about the many device-modeling requirements for analog work, as well as the pitfalls in models used today for computer simulators such as Spice. Also included is information on fabrication technologies developed specifically for mixed-signal VLSI chips, plus guidance on the layout of mixed analog-digital chips for a high degree of analog-device matching and minimum digital-to-analog interference.This reference book features an intuitive introduction to MOSFET operation that will enable you to view with insight any MOSFET model ? besides thorough discussions on valuable large-signal and small-signal models.Filled with practical information, this first-of-its-kind book will help you grasp the nuances of mixed-signal VLSI-device models and layout that are crucial to the design of high-performance chips.

Designing Analog Chips

Designing Analog Chips PDF

Author: Hans Camenzind

Publisher: Virtualbookworm Publishing

Published: 2005

Total Pages: 244

ISBN-13: 1589397185

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A comprehensive introduction to CMOS and bipolar analog IC design. The book presumes no prior knowledge of linear design, making it comprehensible to engineers with a non-analog back-ground. The emphasis is on practical design, covering the entire field with hundreds of examples to explain the choices. Concepts are presented following the history of their discovery. Content: 1. Devices Semiconductors, The Bipolar Transistor, The Integrated Circuit, Integrated NPN Transistors, The Case of the Lateral PNP Transistor, CMOS Transistors, The Substrate PNP Transistor, Diodes, Zener Diodes, Resistors, Capacitors, CMOS vs. Bipolar; 2. Simulation, DC Analysis, AC Analysis, Transient Analysis, Variations, Models, Diode Model, Bipolar Transis-tor Model, Model for the Lateral PNP Transistor, MOS Transistor Models, Resistor Models, Models for Capacitors; 3. Current Mirrors; 4. Differential Pairs; 5. Current Sources; 6. Time Out: Analog Measures, dB, RMS, Noise, Fourier Analysis, Distortion, Frequency Compensation; 7. Bandgap References; 8. Op Amps; 9. Comparators; 10. Transimpedance Amplifiers; 11. Timers and Oscillators; 12. Phase-Locked Loops; 13. Filters; 14. Power, Linear Regulators, Low Drop-Out Regulators, Switching Regulators, Linear Power Amplifiers, Switching Power Am-plifiers; 15. A to D and D to A, The Delta-Sigma Converter; 16. Odds and Ends, Gilbert Cell, Multipliers, Peak Detectors, Rectifiers and Averaging Circuits, Thermometers, Zero-Crossing Detectors; 17. Layout.

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