An Economic Analysis of the Rise and Decline of Chinese Township and Village Enterprises

An Economic Analysis of the Rise and Decline of Chinese Township and Village Enterprises PDF

Author: Cheng Jin

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2017-08-11

Total Pages: 217

ISBN-13: 3319597701

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This book provides a historical economic analysis of two key issues relating to township and village enterprise (TVE) development in China. Firstly, the nature of the evolving relationship between TVEs and local government; in particular how TVE entrepreneurs have used institutionalized power to secure the political influence needed to defend their financial independence. Secondly, the relationship between TVEs and state-owned enterprises (SOEs), and the role of SOEs in China’s economic transition. This study highlights the importance of the role of SOEs in the “dual-track pricing system” and its impact on other parts of the economy. Township and village enterprises were key to China's success in the late twentieth century, but have more or less disappeared as an entity over the past decade or so. By measuring the structural difference of the SOE sector before and after 1998–2003 SOE reform, Jin explains their fast catch-up in productivity since the mid-1990s, as well as the relative decline of TVE productivity.

The Institutional Transition of China's Township and Village Enterprises

The Institutional Transition of China's Township and Village Enterprises PDF

Author: Hongyi Chen

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2017-11-22

Total Pages: 294

ISBN-13: 1351812289

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This title was first published in 2000: This work provides a new insight into china's township and village enterprises (TVEs). It views the governance structure of TVEs as effectively combining the comparative advantage of local government officials in external management and of dual firm managers in internal management to overcome imperfections in both market and government during the transitional period. Through extensive field investigation analysis and case studies, this work shows that the governance structure of TVEs has been evolving during the past fifteen years. To adapt to the changing environment, TVEs have continuously innovated firm contractual form from a government official dominant fixed-wage form to a partnership style profit-sharing form, then to a privatization oriented fixed-rent form. This work develops a complete model to explain how the central government’s partial reform efforts in market liberalization have become the driving force to induce the contractual form innovation, and to explicate how heterogeneity in firms’ technical structures and in local economic settings may affect local government’s decisions regarding contractual form innovation. Using the author’s unique data set, the model simulations predict that the development in the whole market system will result in the diffusion of contractual form innovation and lead to an 'induced privatization’ in this sector. The following empirical studies show this to be a powerful prediction and the progress toward such ’induced privatization' can be expected in China in near future. This research work provides a rich empirical study on China’s institutional transition towards a market system. It explains how a bottom-up endogenous, instead of top-down exogenous, property rights reform can be realized in transitional economies. This work will serve as a valuable reference for researchers and students in economics, economic development and institutional economics - and especially for those interested in research.

Rural China

Rural China PDF

Author: Jie Fan

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2015-05-15

Total Pages: 463

ISBN-13: 1317460634

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This book reports the findings of two field studies conducted between 1993 and 2001 in seven townships and six provinces in China. The authors describe the process of rural urbanization and its related economic, social, and political changes by focusing mainly on the zhen (town), in addition to administrative offices and companies involved in the local economy, and village committees. The authors show that the social changes resulting from China's economic reforms are occurring mainly from below, and that this process is also resulting in a weakening of the economic and political dominance of the central government. Other changes discussed in this study include the development of new ownership structures and the increasing dominance of the private sector; a shift in the functions of administrative offices as the bureaucracy becomes increasingly business oriented; the rise of a new local elite; a rebirth of traditional social structures (clans, local associations); and the emergence of new interest groups and institutions to represent their needs.

China's Rural Industry

China's Rural Industry PDF

Author: World Bank

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 1990

Total Pages: 464

ISBN-13: 9780195208221

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This collection of papers presented at an international conference in 1987 provides a comprehensive analysis of China's booming rural non-state industrial sector, both collective and private.

China's Third Economic Transformation

China's Third Economic Transformation PDF

Author: Ross Garnaut

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2004-08-02

Total Pages: 278

ISBN-13: 1134392117

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The Chinese economy is currently undergoing an institutional transformation as profound as the replacement of the people's communes with the household responsibility system in the early 1980s and the emergence of township and village enterprises as the main locus of economic dynamism in the second half of the 1980s. This third dramatic transformation is the emergence of the private sector as the main source of the country's economic growth. This book discusses the key issues in private sector development in China and includes: An overview of the development of private enterprises in China Analysis of the development and emerging paths toward private enterprise Examination of the business environment in which private enterprises operate How the legal environment has changed through economic reform Managerial capabilities and state-business interactions Suggestions of policy recommendations Perhaps controversially, the contributors suggest that private sector development is necessary to maintain the dynamism of the Chinese economy and create greater employment opportunities. China's Third Economic Transformation will appeal to scholars of Asian Economics and business who are interested in the rapid growth of the private sector in China.

Socialist Economic Development in the 21st Century

Socialist Economic Development in the 21st Century PDF

Author: Alberto Gabriele

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2022-03-03

Total Pages: 360

ISBN-13: 1000545482

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Over a hundred years after the first socialist revolution broke the global monopoly of capitalism, a new class of socialist-oriented socioeconomic development is coming to the fore. Capitalism is still dominant worldwide, although its hegemony is no longer undisputed, and humankind is now faced with a key existential challenge. This book proposes an alternative path to overcoming the worldwide crisis of globalized capitalism. It offers a novel, balanced and historically rooted interpretation of the successes and failures of socialist economic construction throughout the last century. The authors apply a multidisciplinary, holistic and purpose-based methodology to draw basic lessons from stylized facts, emerging in different areas of knowledge, ranging from political economy to biology, and from key national socioeconomic experiences, with a particular focus on China. The book is divided into three parts. The first is mainly theoretical and general in nature, identifying the major contributions bequeathed by the hard sciences to their social counterparts. Consistent with these findings, the authors offer a stylized interpretation of the contemporary state-of-the-art of the debate on the core concepts of economic science and advance a few elementary theories about what socialism in the 21st century could look like. The second and third parts analyze and discusses the core features of a few select experiences, which have evolved in certain countries since 1917, some of which are still unfolding. The book will find an audience among academics, researchers and students in the fields of economics, political science, history, and geography, as well as, policy makers, particularly in developing countries.

Rural Enterprises in China

Rural Enterprises in China PDF

Author: Harry X. Wu

Publisher: Springer

Published: 1994-09-27

Total Pages: 241

ISBN-13: 1349236098

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How and why did the rural enterprise sector get so big in China? This book has the answers. That sector is owned and operated by rural communities. The book explains why these enterprises have been growing so fast, and it explores the implications of their growth.

China's Economy

China's Economy PDF

Author: Deng Zhenglai

Publisher: World Scientific

Published: 2009

Total Pages: 431

ISBN-13: 9814293326

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Containing ten quality chapters on China''s rural reforms and agricultural development, this first volume from the Series on Developing China: Translated Research from China emphasizes the importance of countryside, agriculture and the role of peasants in China''s economy. While the Chinese revolution has traveled a path of OC encircling the cities from the rural areasOCO, Chinese reforms were likewise started in promoting the household contract responsibility system in the rural areas OCo the majority of its population living in the countryside makes it the focus of the reforms. Such structural issues that readjustment of interests entailed as urban-rural divide and poor-rich gap are closely related to the rural reform. For this, a rural study centered on the three rural issues (agriculture, rural areas and peasants), or peasantography, is actually an academic OC gold mineOCO, which contains the richest possibilities for Chinese social science to contribute to the world. The above mentioned chapters cover an extensive range of issues in rural reform and agricultural development in China, including property right, food trade structure, the Township and Village Enterprises, non-agricultural employment, the mobility of labor force, land distribution, taxation and saving behavior. The research approach ranges from a macro- to microeconomics level, while in terms of research methodology, property theory, game model and quantitative economics are used, in combination with historiography and empirical case studies. Sample Chapter(s). Chapter 1: Academic Inquiries into the Chinese Success Story (116 KB). Contents: Academic Inquiries into the OC Chinese Success StoryOCO (Z-L Deng); Gender Inequality in the Land Tenure System of Rural China (L Zhu); The Allocation of Decision-Making Power and Changes in the Decision-Making Style: Systematic Thoughts on China''s Rural Problems (S-G Zhang & N Zhao); Farmers'' Tax Burden in Rural China: A Political Economy Analysis (R Tao et al.); Effects of Labor Out-Migration and Income Growth and Inequality in Rural China (S Li); Grain versus Food: A Hidden Issue in China''s Food Policy Debate (F Lu); Saving Behavior in a Transition Economy: An Empirical Case Study of Rural China (G-H Wan et al.); Township Enterprises and Their Interest Distribution in Reform: A Three-Player Game Model (R-Z Ke); Rural Interregional Inequality and Off-Farm Employment in China (P Zhang); Food Demand and Nutritional Elasticity in Poor Rural Areas of China (J-W Zhang & F Cai); Reform in China''s Rural Areas: The Changes in the Relationship between the State and Land Ownership OCo A Retrospect on the Changes in Economic Institutions (Q-R Zhou). Readership: Economists, political scientists, sociologists, advanced undergraduates and graduate students interested in China''s economy, rural areas and society."