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Amphiphilic Polymer Co-networks

Author: Costas S Patrickios

Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry

Published: 2020-04-23

Total Pages: 337

ISBN-13: 1839161345

Amphiphilic polymer co-networks (APCNs) are a type of polymeric hydrogel, their hydrophobic polymer segments and hydrophilic components produce less aqueous swelling, giving better mechanical properties than conventional hydrogels. This new class of polymers is attracting increasing attention, resulting in further basic research on the system, as well as new applications. This book focuses on new developments in the field of APCNs, and is organised in four sections: synthesis, properties, applications and modelling. Co-network architectures included in the book chapters are mainly those deriving from hydrophobic macro-cross-linkers, representing the classical approach; however, more modern designs are also presented. Properties of interest discussed include aqueous swelling, thermophysical and mechanical properties, self-assembly, electrical actuation, and protein adsorption. Applications described in the book chapters include the use of co-networks as soft contact lenses, scaffolds for drug delivery and tissue engineering, matrices for heterogeneous biocatalysis, and membranes of controllable permeability. Finally, an important theory chapter on the modelling of the self-assembly of APCNs is also included. The book is suitable for graduate students and researchers interested in hydrogels, polymer networks, polymer chemistry, block copolymers, self-assembly and nanomaterials, as well as their applications in contact lenses, drug delivery, tissue engineering, membranes and biocatalysis.

Encyclopedia of Membranes

Author: Enrico Drioli

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2016-07-14

Total Pages: 1100

ISBN-13: 9783662443231

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A landmark work covering the major aspects of the science, technology and application of membrane operations and related fields, from basic phenomena to the most advanced applications and future perspectives. Over 1500 concise entries in an A-Z format cover a vibrant field with a multitude of applications in diverse disciplines such as biotechnology, medicine, agro-food and petrochemical industries, environmental protection, as well as drinking water supply. Coverage includes membrane reactors and catalytic design (catalytic membrane reactors). Practically all unit operations of process engineering can be redesigned as membrane unit operations (e. g. membrane distillation, membrane crystallization, membrane stripping, membrane scrubbing). Entries are provided by an international team of experts from academia, research institutions as well as from industry.

Compendium of Polymer Terminology and Nomenclature

Author: Richard G Jones

Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry

Published: 2009-01-19

Total Pages: 464

ISBN-13: 1847559425

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The IUPAC system of polymer nomenclature has aided the generation of unambiguous names that re ect the historical development of chemistry. However, the explosion in the circulation of information and the globalization of human activities mean that it is now necessary to have a common language for use in legal situations, patents, export-import regulations, and environmental health and safety information. Rather than recommending a ‘unique name’ for each structure, rules have been developed for assigning ‘preferred IUPAC names’, while continuing to allow alternatives in order to preserve the diversity and adaptability of nomenclature. Compendium of Polymer Terminology and Nomenclature is the only publication to collect the most important work on this subject into a single volume. It serves as a handy compendium for scientists and removes the need for time consuming literature searches. One of a series issued by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), it covers the terminology used in many and varied aspects of polymer science as well as the nomenclature of several di erent types of polymer including regular and irregular single-strand organic polymers, copolymers and regular double-strand (ladder and spiro) organic polymers.

Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery

Author: Patrizio Raffa

Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG

Published: 2019-07-22

Total Pages: 277

ISBN-13: 3110640430

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This book aims at presenting, describing, and summarizing the latest advances in polymer flooding regarding the chemical synthesis of the EOR agents and the numerical simulation of compositional models in porous media, including a description of the possible applications of nanotechnology acting as a booster of traditional chemical EOR processes. A large part of the world economy depends nowadays on non-renewable energy sources, most of them of fossil origin. Though the search for and the development of newer, greener, and more sustainable sources have been going on for the last decades, humanity is still fossil-fuel dependent. Primary and secondary oil recovery techniques merely produce up to a half of the Original Oil In Place. Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) processes are aimed at further increasing this value. Among these, chemical EOR techniques (including polymer flooding) present a great potential in low- and medium-viscosity oilfields. • Describes recent advances in chemical enhanced oil recovery. • Contains detailed description of polymer flooding and nanotechnology as promising boosting tools for EOR. • Includes both experimental and theoretical studies. About the Authors Patrizio Raffa is Assistant Professor at the University of Groningen. He focuses on design and synthesis of new polymeric materials optimized for industrial applications such as EOR, coatings and smart materials. He (co)authored about 40 articles in peer reviewed journals. Pablo Druetta works as lecturer at the University of Groningen (RUG) and as engineering consultant. He received his Ph.D. from RUG in 2018 and has been teaching at a graduate level for 15 years. His research focus lies on computational fluid dynamics (CFD).

Handbook of Biopolymer-Based Materials

Author: Sabu Thomas

Publisher: Wiley-VCH

Published: 2013-05-28

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9783527328840

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This first systematic scientific reference in the area of micro- and nanostructured biopolymer systems discusses in two volumes the morphology, structure, dynamics, properties and applications of all important biopolymers, as well as their blends, composites, interpenetrating networks and gels. Selected leading researchers from industry, academia, government and private research institutions around the globe comprehensively review recent accomplishments in the field. They examine the current state of the art, new challenges, and opportunities, discussing all the synthetic routes to the generation of both micro- and nano-morphologies, as well as the synthesis, characterization and application of porous biopolymers. An outstanding resource for anyone involved in the fi eld of eco-friendly biomaterials for advanced technologies.

Advanced Functional Materials

Author: Yafang Han

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2018-04-19

Total Pages: 973

ISBN-13: 9811301107

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This proceedings volume gathers selected papers presented at the Chinese Materials Conference 2017 (CMC2017), held in Yinchuan City, Ningxia, China, on July 06-12, 2017. This book covers a wide range of metamaterials and multifunctional composites, multiferroic materials, amorphous and high-entropy alloys, advanced glass materials and devices, advanced optoelectronic and microelectronic materials, biomaterials, deformation behavior and flow units in metastable materials, advanced fibers and nano-composites, polymer materials, and nanoporous metal materials. The Chinese Materials Conference (CMC) is the most important serial conference of the Chinese Materials Research Society (C-MRS) and has been held each year since the early 1990s. The 2017 installment included 37 Symposia covering four fields: Advances in energy and environmental materials; High performance structural materials; Fundamental research on materials; and Advanced functional materials. More than 5500 participants attended the congress, and the organizers received more than 700 technical papers. Based on the recommendations of symposium organizers and after peer reviewing, 490 papers have been included in the present proceedings, which showcase the latest original research results in the field of materials, achieved by more than 300 research groups at various universities and research institutes.

Soft-Matter Characterization

Author: Redouane Borsali

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2008-07-28

Total Pages: 1490

ISBN-13: 140204464X

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This 2-volume set includes extensive discussions of scattering techniques (light, neutron and X-ray) and related fluctuation and grating techniques that are at the forefront of this field. Most of the scattering techniques are Fourier space techniques. Recent advances have seen the development of powerful direct imaging methods such as atomic force microscopy and scanning probe microscopy. In addition, techniques that can be used to manipulate soft matter on the nanometer scale are also in rapid development. These include the scanning probe microscopy technique mentioned above as well as optical and magnetic tweezers.

Azo Polymers

Author: Xiaogong Wang

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2016-10-19

Total Pages: 238

ISBN-13: 366253424X

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This book explores functional polymers containing aromatic azo chromophores in side-chain, main-chain and other parts of their structures, known as azo polymers and which share common photoresponsive properties. It focuses on the molecular architecture of azo polymers, the synthetic methods and their most important functions, such as photoinduced birefringence and dichroism, surface-relief-grating (SRG) formation, and light-driven deformation of liquid crystal elastomers. It combines a general survey of the subject and in-depth discussions of each topic, including numerous illustrations, figures, and photographs. Offering a balance between an introduction to the core concepts and a snapshot of hot and emerging topics, it is of interest to graduate students and researchers working in this and related fields. Xiaogong Wang is a Professor at the Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, China.

Smart Inorganic Polymers

Author: Evamarie Hey-Hawkins

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2019-02-07

Total Pages: 421

ISBN-13: 3527819134

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Provides complete and undiluted knowledge on making inorganic polymers functional. This comprehensive book reflects the state of the art in the field of inorganic polymers, based on research conducted by a number of internationally leading research groups working in this area. It covers the synthesis aspects of synthetic inorganic polymers and looks at multiple inorganic monomers as building blocks, which exhibit unprecedented electronic, redox, photo-emissive, magnetic, self-healing and catalytic properties. It also looks at the applications of inorganic polymers in areas such as optoelectronics, energy storage, industrial chemistry, and biology. Beginning with an overview of the use of smart inorganic polymers in daily life, Smart Inorganic Polymers: Synthesis, Properties and Emerging Applications in Materials and Life Sciences goes on to study the synthesis, properties, and applications of polymers incorporating different heteroelements such as boron, phosphorus, silicon, germanium, and tin. The book also examines inorganic polymers in flame-retardants, as functional materials, and in biology. An excellent addition to the polymer scientists' and synthetic chemists' toolbox Summarizes the state of the art on how to make and use functional inorganic polymers, from synthesis to applications Edited by the coordinator of a highly funded European community research program (COST action) that focuses specifically on the exploration of inorganic polymers Features contributions from top experts in the field Aimed at academics and industrial researchers in this field, Smart Inorganic Polymers: Synthesis, Properties and Emerging Applications in Materials and Life Sciences will also benefit scientists who want to get a better overview on the state-of-the-art of this rapidly advancing area.

Bimodal Amphiphilic Polymer Conetworks

Author: Gustavo A. Guzman Cardozo

Publisher:

Published: 2016

Total Pages: 192

ISBN-13:

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The first part of this study presents a strategy for the synthesis of novel bimodal amphiphilic grafts consisting of hydrophilic poly (N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PDMAAm) main chains carrying two different molecular weight hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) branches whose crosslinking leads to bimodal amphiphilic conetworks ([beta]-APCNs). The effect of crosslinker ratio and amount of high molecular weight PDMS on the conetwork's morphology, swelling characteristics and mechanical properties were evaluated. The materials exhibited bulk microphase separation with short-range ordering, and superficial demixing with only the hydrophobic phase present at the surface. A multi-scale, composition-dependent, elastic wrinkling-instability was shown to control surface morphology. The coexistence of low and high molecular weight PDMS in [beta]-APCNs greatly improved ultimate mechanical properties. The second study concerns the structure development of [beta]-APCNs during film processing from solution. Time-resolved gravimetry, low contact angles and negative out-of-plane birefringence provided strong experimental evidence of transitory trapping of thermodynamically unfavorable hydrophilic moieties at the air-film interface due to fast asymmetric solvent depletion. We also find that slow-drying hydrophobic elements progressively substitute hydrophilic domains at the surface as the surface-energy is minimized. The third study proposes a novel approach to zero-order, constant-rate drug delivery from [beta]-APCN-based contact lenses. Quasi-Case II non-Fickian transport was achieved by non-uniform drug and diffusivity distributions within three-layer bimodal amphiphilic conetworks. We demonstrated experimentally and by modeling that the combined effect of non-uniform distribution of drug loading and diffusion constants within the three-layer lens maintains low local drug concentration at the lens-fluid interface and yields zero-order drug delivery.The final study uses in-situ ellipsometry, contact angle measurements, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to investigate the swelling behavior, surface characteristics and adsorption of plasma proteins of bimodal amphiphilic conetworks ([beta]-APCNs). We demonstrated that plasma protein adsorption in [beta]-APCNs is transport-limited. [beta]-APCNs have the ability to reconfigure their surfaces depending on the medium as evidenced by large contact angle hysteresis, so that in aqueous solution hydrophilic moieties populate the surface. Protein adsorption occurred at the hydrophobic PDMS domains (which become buried in the bulk after swelling) and plasma proteins needed to diffuse into the conetwork in order to adsorb. Desorption was dependent on the initial adsorption rate.