Alcohol, Cell Membranes, and Signal Transduction in Brain

Alcohol, Cell Membranes, and Signal Transduction in Brain PDF

Author: Christer Alling

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 320

ISBN-13: 1461524709

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Alcohol abuse and alcoholism are international problems whose costs economical ly, psychologically and medically have been well documented. Alcohol is a unique drug in that the effects of excessive use can have a deleterious effect on most if not all organs of the body. The brain is one of the organs most affected by excessive alcohol consumption. Effects on the brain can be seen in cognitive function, brain structure and neurochemistry. Over the past few years, there have been significant advances made in understanding how alcohol affects brain neurochemistry. This book examines four major areas, i. e. , membrane lipids, receptors and ion channels, second messengers, and gene expression, where significant advancements have been made. The book is divided into four sections based on the four major areas. In each section, data are examined that cover a range of approaches from in vitro to in vivo studies. The section on membrane lipids includes recent developments in how ethanol affects membrane cholesterol domains, polyunsaturated fatty acids, the cause and consequences of phosphatidylethanol formation, and the modulation of membrane protein function by lipid-protein interaction. The second section comprises chapters on NMDA and 5-HT3 receptors, including new aspects on alcohol neurotoxicity and the molecular heterogeneity that may underlie differences in alcohol sensitivity as well as chapters on GABA-gated chloride flux, and calcium channels.

Biology of the NMDA Receptor

Biology of the NMDA Receptor PDF

Author: Antonius M. VanDongen

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2008-10-29

Total Pages: 368

ISBN-13: 142004415X

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The NMDA receptor plays a critical role in the development of the central nervous system and in adult neuroplasticity, learning, and memory. Therefore, it is not surprising that this receptor has been widely studied. However, despite the importance of rhythms for the sustenance of life, this aspect of NMDAR function remains poorly studied. Written

Alcohol and the Nervous System

Alcohol and the Nervous System PDF

Author: Edith V. Sullivan

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2014-10-08

Total Pages: 703

ISBN-13: 0444626220

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Alcohol is the most widely used drug in the world, yet alcoholism remains a serious addiction affecting nearly 20 million Americans. Our current understanding of alcohol's effect on brain structure and related functional damage is being revolutionized by genetic research, basic neuroscience, brain imaging science, and systematic study of cognitive, sensory, and motor abilities. Volume 125 of the Handbook of Clinical Neurology is a comprehensive, in-depth treatise of studies on alcohol and the brain covering the basic understanding of alcohol's effect on the central nervous system, the diagnosis and treatment of alcoholism, and prospect for recovery. The chapters within will be of interest to clinical neurologists, neuropsychologists, and researchers in all facets and levels of the neuroscience of alcohol and alcoholism. The first focused reference specifically on alcohol and the brain Details our current understanding of how alcohol impacts the central nervous system Covers clinical and social impact of alcohol abuse disorders and the biomedical consequences of alcohol abuse Includes section on neuroimaging of neurochemical markers and brain function

Handbook of the Medical Consequences of Alcohol and Drug Abuse

Handbook of the Medical Consequences of Alcohol and Drug Abuse PDF

Author: John Brick

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2012-04-05

Total Pages: 748

ISBN-13: 1136864571

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The essential newly-expanded reference that needs to be on the desk of every health care professional who encounters substance abusers. Handbook of the Medical Consequences of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, Second Edition is the newly-updated classic reference text that provides even more detailed and expanded information on the pharmacological, toxicological, and neuropsychological consequences of alcohol and drug abuse. Eight new chapters of crucial information have been added. Written by leading experts in the fields of medical physiology, psychopharmacology, and neuropsychology, this valuable resource provides the detailed alcohol and drug information health professionals in all fields need to know. Handbook of the Medical Consequences of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, Second Edition greatly expands on the expert information provided in the first edition. This text provides reviews of the cardiovascular, neurological, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, psychological, and hepatic effects of commonly abused drugs. The book also provides in-depth explanations of the mechanisms by which these psychoactive drugs exert their biobehavioral effects as well as current thinking about—and definitions of—abuse, dependence, and alcohol/drug use. The Handbook of the Medical Consequences of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, Second Edition includes vital information on: alcohol, including definitions of alcohol use, abuse, and dependence the relationship between alcohol and accidental injuries, alcohol’s effect on skeletal and major organ systems, and its effect on risk factors for certain cancers effects of alcohol and other drugs on neuropsychological function the effects of alcohol on neuron signaling, neurotransmitter function, and alcoholic brain damage and cognitive dysfunction fetal alcohol effects chronic effects of marijuana use on psychological and physical health, including a fair and balanced discussion of the medical marijuana issue the consequences of opiate abuse and methadone pharmacotherapy, including a comparison of the effects of methadone and heroin on organ systems cocaine’s history, the various forms of the drug, and the adverse effects of cocaine on cardiovascular, neurologic, and pulmonary systems the medical consequences of inhalants ranging from benzene to xylene the prenatal effects of nicotine, cocaine, marijuana, and opiates terminology that appears in the current literature on alcohol New topics in the Handbook of the Medical Consequences of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, Second Edition include chapters discussing: chemical dependency in psychiatric patients medical consequences of steroids OTC medications hallucinogens health effects of tobacco, nicotine, and exposure to tobacco smoke interactions of alcohol with other drugs and other medications periodontal effects of alcohol and drug abuse in the oral cavity imaging studies of structural brain changes The Handbook of the Medical Consequences of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, Second Edition is an invaluable resource for physicians, scientists, nurses, psychologists, and alcohol and drug counselors.

Acamprosate in Relapse Prevention of Alcoholism

Acamprosate in Relapse Prevention of Alcoholism PDF

Author: Michael Soyka

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 266

ISBN-13: 3642801935

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Acamprosate is the first new anticraving agent used prophylactically to prevent relapse in alcohol-dependent patients. This book presents an overview on basic mechanisms in alcohol dependence and craving and all the preclinical and clinical results are available to date on Acamprosate's mechanisms of action and efficacy.

Developmental Neurotoxicology

Developmental Neurotoxicology PDF

Author: G Jean Harry

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 1994-07-13

Total Pages: 202

ISBN-13: 9781439805503

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Developmental Neurotoxicology addresses a number of basic principles underlying the vulnerability of the developing nervous system to environmental toxicant exposure. Evidence of functional alterations, induced at levels of chemical exposure that fail to produce structural teratological alterations, indicates that the evaluation of the functional capacity of exposed animals may indeed offer a sensitive evaluation of developmental toxicity. The contributing authors discuss the basic principles of development in structure and functional components and present information covering various methodological approaches, as well as evidence for the value of examining the developing nervous system for environmentally induced perturbations. The final chapter covers how this type of data is used to evaluate human risk potential.

International Review of Neurobiology

International Review of Neurobiology PDF

Author:

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 1996-12-02

Total Pages: 380

ISBN-13: 9780080857732

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Since 1959, International Review of Neurobiology has been a well known series appealing to neuroscientists, clinicians, psychologists, physiologists, and pharmacologists. This important serial is now being combined with Neuroscience Perspectives and Methods in Neurosciences. This combination results in a series that reaches a wider audience and publishes a greater number of thematic volumes. Modulation of inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitter receptors by protein phosphorylation The use-dependent regulation of GABAA receptors Mechanisms of synaptic transmission in the neostriatum Regulation of neurotransmitters function by the neuronal cytoskeleton The anatomy and physiology of opioids in the hippocampus The molecular biology and pharmacology of the cannabinoid receptor The use of invertebrate and mammalian model systems in the study of the anesthetic drug action Ethanol effects on ion channels and locomotion

Pharmacological Effects of Ethanol on the Nervous System

Pharmacological Effects of Ethanol on the Nervous System PDF

Author: Richard A. Deitrich

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 1995-12-21

Total Pages: 482

ISBN-13: 9780849383892

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This book dissects the effects of ethanol on the major neurotransmitter systems affected by ethanol and correlates these actions with the behavioral consequences. The subject is approached first from the perspective of the neurochemical system and the behaviors resulting from ethanol's effects on that system. The behaviors themselves are discussed in later chapters. Some older theories of the effects of ethanol such as the membrane fluidization hypothesis are evaluated in light of new and updated information. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) as well as the structural damage in the brain by long term ethanol exposure are also discussed.