A Two-Dimensional Measure of Polarization
Author: Tewodaj Mogues
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Published:
Total Pages: 48
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Author: Tewodaj Mogues
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Published:
Total Pages: 48
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Author: Barea M. Sinno
Publisher:
Published: 2020
Total Pages: 0
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →How do societies polarize? The literature on polarization in the political science subfield of American politics is rich. However, polarization has been measured at different levels of the society instead of the societal level at large. The reasons for this are mainly methodological. Capitalizing on the latest developments in the field of computational discourse analysis, this paper offers a framework for the operationalization and measurement of polarization over time using high-dimensional text data. By measuring polarization in the media, we showcase our framework. We create a (1) corpus of newspaper articles around the federal budget topic, (2) we develop a three-dimensional measure of budget ideology: social, fiscal and foreign, and (3) we establish 550 human annotated gold labels for modelling purposes. To measure polarization in the media over time, we (1) predict the ideology of a news source and (2) calculate issue constraint among dimensions. Our framework is extendable to various societal levels and the comparative study of polarization across countries. The corpus, labels, and code used are made available on GitHub. The ultimate aim is to help researchers offer a comparative understanding of the dynamics of polarization across time and countries
Author: Brian Lee Heffner
Publisher:
Published: 1992
Total Pages: 8
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Abstract: "Polarization dependence of the loss or gain of an optical device has been difficult to measure in a consistent and reproducible manner because it has been necessary to search for the extrema of transmission over a two-dimensional polarization space. It is shown for the first time that the global variation of the transmission through any linear, time-invariant optical device, over all states of polarization, can be found in a strictly deterministic, analytically complete manner by measuring the polarization responses to only three input polarizations. A series of fast, automated measurements of two test devices yielded standard deviations of 0.017 dB and 0.033 dB, and agreement with laborious manual measurements."
Author: Matthew Runyon
Publisher:
Published: 2017
Total Pages:
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Photonics, the technological field that encompasses all aspects of light, has been rapidly growing and increasingly useful in uncovering fundamental truths about nature. It has helped detect gravitational waves, allowed for a direct measurement of the quantum wave function, and has helped realize the coldest temperatures in the universe. But photonics has also had an enormous impact on day-to-day life as well; it has enabled high capacity and/or high speed telecommunication, offered cancer treatment solutions, and has completely revolutionized display and scanning technology. All of these discoveries and applications have required a superb understanding of light, but also a high degree of control over the sometimes abstract properties of light. The work contained in this thesis explores two novel means of controlling and manipulating two different abstract properties of light. In Part I, the property under investigation is the polarization state of light - a property that is paramount to all light-matter interactions, and even some light-light interactions such as interference. Here, a liquid crystal on silicon spatial light modulator (LCOS-SLM)'s capabilities in manipulating the polarization state of light is theoretically examined and experimentally exploited, tested, and reported on. It is found through experimentation that, for an appropriate range of beam sizes and input polarizations, a single LCOS-SLM can be used to produce any light field with an arbitrary, spatially varying polarization profile. In Part II, the property under investigation loosely corresponds to light's spatial degree of freedom - how light can move from one spot in space to another in a non-trivial manner. Here, control over light's position through a waveguide array through the use of quantum geometric phase is theoretically examined, simulated, and experimentally designed. It is found through simulation that a threewaveguide array is capable of implementing two dimensional unitary transformations. The common theme between Part I and Part II is manipulating these properties of light to realize classes of general transformations. Moreover, if the light field is treated as a quantum state in the basis of either property under investigation, a two dimensional computational basis ensues. This is precisely the right cardinality for applications in quantum information.
Author: Yakir Aharonov
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Published: 2008-09-26
Total Pages: 299
ISBN-13: 3527619127
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →A Guide through the Mysteries of Quantum Physics! Yakir Aharonov is one of the pioneers in measuring theory, the nature of quantum correlations, superselection rules, and geometric phases and has been awarded numerous scientific honors. The author has contributed monumental concepts to theoretical physics, especially the Aharonov-Bohm effect and the Aharonov-Casher effect. Together with Daniel Rohrlich, Israel, he has written a pioneering work on the remaining mysteries of quantum mechanics. From the perspective of a preeminent researcher in the fundamental aspects of quantum mechanics, the text combines mathematical rigor with penetrating and concise language. More than 200 exercises introduce readers to the concepts and implications of quantum mechanics that have arisen from the experimental results of the recent two decades. With students as well as researchers in mind, the authors give an insight into that part of the field, which led Feynman to declare that "nobody understands quantum mechanics". * Free solutions manual available for lecturers at www.wiley-vch.de/supplements/
Author: R Feder
Publisher: World Scientific
Published: 1986-01-01
Total Pages: 632
ISBN-13: 9814518913
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Contents:Theoretical Foundation:Electronic and Magnetic Structure of Solid Surfaces (A J Freeman, C L Fu, S Ohnishi & M Weinert)Ferromagnetism of Transition Metals at Finite Temperatures (H Capellmann)Critical Behaviour at Surfaces of Ferromagnets (K Binder)Principles and Theory of Electron Scattering and Photoemission (R Feder)Experiments and Results:Sources and Detectors for Polarized Electrons (J Kirschner)Elastic Spin-Polarized Low Energy Electron Diffraction from Non-Magnetic Surfaces (F B Dunning & G K Walters)Elastic Spin-Polarized Low-Energy Electron Scattering from Magnetic Surfaces (U Gradmann & S F Alvarad)Inelastic Electron Scattering by Ferromagnets (J Kirschner)Spin Polarized Secondary Electron Emission from Ferromagnets (M Landolt)Spin Polarized Photoemission by Optical Spin Orientation in Semiconductors (F Meier)Adsorbates (U Heinzmann & G Schonhense)Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission from Ferromagnets (E Kisker)Spin Dependent Inverse Photoemission from Ferromagnets (V Dose & M Glöbl)Photoemission and Bremsstrahlung from Fe and Ni: Theoretical Results and Analysis of Experimental Data (R Clauberg & R Feder)Polarized Electrons in Surface Physics: Outlook (M Campagna) Readership: Graduate students and researchers interested in surface physics.
Author: Maria Chekhova
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Published: 2021-03-22
Total Pages: 267
ISBN-13: 3110605090
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →This book starts with the description of polarization in classical optics, including also a chapter on crystal optics, which is necessary to understand the use of nonlinear crystals. In addition, spatially non-uniform polarization states are introduced and described. Further, the role of polarization in nonlinear optics is discussed. The final chapters are devoted to the description and applications of polarization in quantum optics and quantum technologies.
Author: Howard M. Wiseman
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Published: 2010
Total Pages: 477
ISBN-13: 0521804426
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Modern quantum measurement for graduate students and researchers in quantum information, quantum metrology, quantum control and related fields.
Author: José J. Gil
Publisher: CRC Press
Published: 2022-06-22
Total Pages: 516
ISBN-13: 1000568660
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →An Up-to-Date Compendium on the Physics and Mathematics of Polarization Phenomena Now thoroughly revised, Polarized Light and the Mueller Matrix Approach cohesively integrates basic concepts of polarization phenomena from the dual viewpoints of the states of polarization of electromagnetic waves and the transformations of these states by the action of material media. Through selected examples, it also illustrates actual and potential applications in materials science, biology, and optics technology. The book begins with the basic concepts related to two- and three-dimensional polarization states. It next describes the nondepolarizing linear transformations of the states of polarization through the Jones and Mueller-Jones approaches. The authors then discuss the forms and properties of the Jones and Mueller matrices associated with different types of nondepolarizing media, address the foundations of the Mueller matrix, and delve more deeply into the analysis of the physical parameters associated with Mueller matrices. The authors proceed with introducing the arbitrary decomposition and other useful parallel decompositions, and compare the powerful serial decompositions of depolarizing Mueller matrices. They also analyze the general formalism and specific algebraic quantities and notions related to the concept of differential Mueller matrix. Useful approaches that provide a geometric point of view on the polarization effects exhibited by different types of media are also comprehensively described. The book concludes with a new chapter devoted to the main procedures for filtering measured Mueller matrices. Suitable for advanced graduates and more seasoned professionals, this book covers the main aspects of polarized radiation and polarization effects of material media. It expertly combines physical and mathematical concepts with important approaches for representing media through equivalent systems composed of simple components.
Author: Michael D. Fayer
Publisher: CRC Press
Published: 2013-03-04
Total Pages: 475
ISBN-13: 1466510145
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →The advent of laser-based sources of ultrafast infrared pulses has extended the study of very fast molecular dynamics to the observation of processes manifested through their effects on the vibrations of molecules. In addition, non-linear infrared spectroscopic techniques make it possible to examine intra- and intermolecular interactions and how su