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A Pragmatic Approach to Agency in Group Activity

Author: Herman Witzel

Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG

Published: 2019-11-18

Total Pages: 181

ISBN-13: 3110628627

A Pragmatic Approach to Agency in Group Activity builds towards an action theory that explains how new forms agency develop in group activity. The approach starts from practical insights about group activity and develops a new understanding of agency from there. This study shows how practical interactions and structures in group activity disrupt individual agency. It is concluded that important features of agency can be realized on a group level. Different types of group activities are analyzed in order to better understand these mechanisms and, consequently, revisit our understanding of agency. It is argued that „intentionality,“ the key concept in individual action theory, merely serves as a pseudo-explanatory connection between specific features of agency and their realization in humans. This is contrasted with empirical research showing that how humans act is far from the idealized concept of intentionality. Consequently, intentionality as a key explanatory concept is rejected and replaced by a diverse set of features of agency for a similarly diverse set of kinds of agency. In this view, groups display new forms agency beyond individual agency without making the groups agents themselves. Such is the nature of group agency.

From Autocracy to Democracy to Technocracy

Author: Victor N. Shaw

Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing

Published: 2020-10-15

Total Pages: 258

ISBN-13: 1527560953

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This book explores human polity with respect to its nature, context, and evolution. Specifically, it examines how individual wills translate into political ideologies, investigates what social forces converge to shape governmental operations, and probes whether human polity progresses in focus from individual wills to group interests to social integrations. The book entertains five hypotheses. The first is commonsensical: where there are people there is politics. The second is analogous: humans govern themselves socially in a way that is comparable to how a body regulates itself physically. The third is rational: humans set rules, organize activities, and establish institutions upon facts, following reasons, for the purpose of effectiveness and efficiency. The fourth is random: human affairs take place haphazardly under specific circumstances while they overall exhibit general patterns and trends. The final hypothesis is inevitable: human governance evolves from autocracy to democracy to technocracy. The book presents systematic information about human polity, its form, content, operation, impact, and evolution. It sheds light on multivariate interactions among human wills, rights, and obligations, political thoughts, actions, and mechanisms, and social structures, processes, and order maintenances. Pragmatically, it offers invaluable insights into individuals as agents, groupings as agencies, and polity as structuration across the human sphere.

Market and Competition Authorities

Author: Annetje Ottow

Publisher: OUP Oxford

Published: 2015-03-26

Total Pages: 275

ISBN-13: 0191047333

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Market and competition authorities operate in a complex environment with conflicting stakeholder demands. Balancing the various interests of the authority and stakeholder in an objective and impartial manner is strategic to achieving the goals of the legislation imposed. In a fresh approach examining the actions of an authority when a regulation is applied, Annetje Ottow argues the vital importance of the behaviour of authorities, focusing on five fundamental good agency principles: legality, independence, transparency, effectiveness, and responsibility, or, LITER. These principles provide agencies and those reviewing their actions with a framework for agency design and action. Combining theory and practice to provide insight into agencies' organization and behaviour, this book outlines and analyses behavioural issues using an ecosystemic method, addressing how independent agencies should be assessed, and which principles should apply. Using cases from the Netherlands and the UK, Ottow examines the key processes of authorities against the LITER principles, and opens the debate on 'how to regulate the agency'.

A Pragmatic Approach to Psychiatric Rehabilitation: Lessons from Chicago's Thresholds Program

Author: Jerry Dincin

Publisher: Jossey-Bass

Published: 1995-12-27

Total Pages: 124

ISBN-13:

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There are three components in psychiatric rehabilitation: medication, the rehabilitation relationship, and rehabilitation program efforts. This volume deals with all three, assessing their importance and explaining how they can be integrated in comprehensive psychiatric rehabilitation. The example used throughout is the program approach at Thresholds, a Chicago-based agency for psychiatric rehabilitation; all the contributors have held important staff roles at Thresholds. This volume contains the contributors' current thoughts on psychiatric rehabilitation, illustrated by the story of how and why Thresholds operates as it does and how it arrived where it is today. This is the 68th issue of the quarterly journal New Directions for Mental Health Services. For more information on the series, please see the Journals and Periodicals page.

Jobs After War

Author: Eugenia Date-Bah

Publisher: International Labour Organization

Published: 2003

Total Pages: 488

ISBN-13: 9789221138105

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This publication examines the critical role of employment in post-conflict reconstruction and considers effective practical approaches to help achieve sustainable peace building. It contains papers and country case studies which provide a broad picture of the key issues involved, including the nature of the labour market and other features of the post-conflict situation; the diversity of crisis-affected groups and their specific concerns, such as youth, women, refugees, internally displaced people and ex-combatants; skills training; local economic development; micro-finance; labour intensive infrastructure rebuilding; social protection; the roles of the private sector, co-operatives, workers and employers' associations, labour administration and international organisations.

The Pyramid of Game Design

Author: Nicholas Lovell

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2018-12-07

Total Pages: 336

ISBN-13: 0429815662

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Game design is changing. The emergence of service games on PC, mobile and console has created new expectations amongst consumers and requires new techniques from game makers. In The Pyramid of Game Design, Nicholas Lovell identifies and explains the frameworks and techniques you need to deliver fun, profitable games. Using examples of games ranging from modern free-to-play titles to the earliest arcade games, via PC strategy and traditional boxed titles, Lovell shows how game development has evolved, and provides game makers with the tools to evolve with it. Harness the Base, Retention and Superfan Layers to create a powerful Core Loop. Design the player Session to keep players playing while being respectful of their time. Accept that there are few fixed rules: just trade-offs with consequences. Adopt Agile and Lean techniques to "learn what you need you learn" quickly Use analytics, paired with design skills and player feedback, to improve the fun, engagement and profitability of your games. Adapt your marketing techniques to the reality of the service game era Consider the ethics of game design in a rapidly changing world. Lovell shows how service games require all the skills of product game development, and more. He provides a toolset for game makers of all varieties to create fun, profitable games. Filled with practical advice, memorable anecdotes and a wealth of game knowledge, the Pyramid of Game Design is a must-read for all game developers.

Leadership and Groups in Recreational Service

Author: Jay Sanford Shivers

Publisher: Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press

Published: 2001

Total Pages: 430

ISBN-13: 9780838638750

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This text includes the latest theoretical developments in recreational service. Continued experimentation in the field of neuroscience has produced a great deal of rethinking about personal traits and leadership potential, in turn providing a detailed explanation of the processes and techniques of leaderhsip as it applies to the field of recerational service. The author deals with the functional aspects of leadership by providing numerous examples of how theory has been and should be applied in practical situations.