A Critical Comparison of Internationalisation Theories

A Critical Comparison of Internationalisation Theories PDF

Author: Daniela Margardt

Publisher: GRIN Verlag

Published: 2009-06

Total Pages: 93

ISBN-13: 3640345754

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Seminar paper from the year 2007 in the subject Business economics - Miscellaneous, grade: 2,0, University of Applied Sciences Saarbrücken, language: English, abstract: 1 Introduction Centuries ago it was out of question for companies to operate worldwide. The costs to act global had been too high as well as the existent lack of knowledge about other countries, cultures, languages, foreign demands etc. But a few decades ago, companies started to run for globalisation which is seen as a process of internationalisation. Globalisation can be defined as a global network of economic processes. Today companies face less risk when engaging in international activities than ever before. Nowadays markets are easy accessible and the society faces a similar development concerning living standards all over the world. Companies notice the existing possibilities when passing national borders. Today internationalisation is an option for big companies as well as for SME ́s. Internationalisation can be defined more exactly as the name "international" predicts as an international network between companies of different nations which means in most cases industrialised nations. Today almost all products and services are internationalised and available on the world market. It is indispensable that enterprises conduct business in host countries to remain competitive. Most companies are aware of internationalisation processes. Multinational companies are enterprises which operate in two or more countries. Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (1) states that in 1980, approximately 17.000 MNE ́s existed. Further Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (1) explains that already in the year 2000, 63.000 MNE ́s existed and in 2004 existed even 70.000 MNE ́s. According to Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (1) belong MNE companies to the countries where their headquarter is based in. Further Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (1) estimates that approximately 9.000 MNE ́s belong to Germany and ap

The Selected Essays of John H. Dunning

The Selected Essays of John H. Dunning PDF

Author: John H. Dunning

Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing

Published: 2002-01-01

Total Pages: 546

ISBN-13: 9781843767053

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These volumes should be required reading for anyone with an interest in international business and globalisation. They add immeasurably to our understanding. Mira Wilkins, Business History Dunning is one of the most prominent researchers and thinkers in the IB field. In these books, he has set out his most celebrated writings and has provided us relatively easy access to widely scattered references in the literature. Rajat Kathuria, Global Business Review The modern academic study of the multinational enterprise started with John Dunning s pioneering study of American Investment in British Manufacturing Industry in 1958. In the early 1970s he began to publish an influential and authoritative stream of papers integrating theoretical and empirical analysis of the multinational enterprise. This fascinating volume charts the evolution of John Dunning s thinking, highlighting his attempts to develop a richer, more dynamic and historical framework for the analysis of the multinational enterprise. It makes compelling reading, and offers unique insights into the intellectual development of his well-known eclectic paradigm of international production. Mark Casson, University of Reading, UK This volume contains a selection of John Dunning s best known and highly acclaimed writings on the theory of international business activity. Spanning more than three decades, the 16 contributions trace the evolution of his thoughts and ideas as an economist, from his first article on the determinants of international production, published in 1973, to his most recent essay on relational assets, networks and global business activity, completed in 2002. Theories and Paradigms of International Business Activity gives particular prominence to the author s much renowned eclectic paradigm, which he first promulgated at a Nobel Symposium on the international allocation of economic activity in 1976. Since then, the author has written over 60 articles, pamphlets and chapters in books which have extended, refined and updated his theorizing on the interface between trade, FDI and MNE activity, in the light of the changing characteristics of the world economy and advances in international business scholarship. This, the first of two volumes of John Dunning s work, is essential reading for all students, scholars and researchers with a special interest in the reasons behind the explosive growth in post-war FDI and the globalization of business activity.

The Uppsala Model of Internationalization. A Critical Review

The Uppsala Model of Internationalization. A Critical Review PDF

Author: Claus Hombrecher

Publisher:

Published: 2019-02-03

Total Pages: 20

ISBN-13: 9783668895867

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Seminar paper from the year 2014 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: 1,7, University of Applied Sciences Essen, language: English, abstract: This term paper deals with the Uppsala model of internationalization and the question whether it is still working today or if modern companies have more possibilities to enter new markets in foreign countries in a different way. The model was developed almost forty years ago and the framework and conditions of internationalization and technological progress have changed a lot. In economics, internationalization is the process of increasing involvement of enterprises in international markets, although there is no agreed definition of internationalization. There are several internationalization theories which try to explain why there are international activities. This paper will stick to the classic school theory, the Uppsala model or international stage model in comparison to modern ways of internationalization by the example of ‛Born Globals'. The Uppsala model provides a universal explanation of how internationalization works in the form of sequential stages during its early development. ‛Born Globals' are young companies that start to globalize very fast from the beginning without any preceding long term period of internationalization. They do not follow the stages in the suggested order, they rather leap-frog some of the steps given by the model. The aim is to show that the business world has changed and the model is not contemporary anymore. This paper will start with the backround of the Uppsala model, its structure. A description of the establishment chain and the psychic chain will follow. After that the internationalization model will be illustrated which will lead to the critical view of the Uppsala model. Chapter three describes the modern way of internationalization using the example of ‛Born Globals'. The last chapter of this term paper is the conclusion.

Extending the Eclectic Paradigm in International Business

Extending the Eclectic Paradigm in International Business PDF

Author: John H. Dunning

Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing

Published: 2003

Total Pages: 296

ISBN-13:

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The contributors explore the many threads of Dunning's work, focusing on advances to his "eclectic paradigm", which looks at the interactions between ownership, location and internalization in explaining foreign direct investment by multinational firms. The book was also conceived and written to record Dunning's contribution to the creation of a doctoral program in International Business at Rutgers University at Newark. The coverage explores a range of topics and seeks to build on the eclectic paradigm or to apply it to existing problems.

The Selected Essays of John H. Dunning: Theories and paradigms of international business activity

The Selected Essays of John H. Dunning: Theories and paradigms of international business activity PDF

Author: John H. Dunning

Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing

Published: 2002

Total Pages: 552

ISBN-13:

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This volume contains a selection of John Dunning's best known and highly acclaimed writings on the theory of international business activity. Spanning more than three decades, the 16 contributions trace the evolution of his thoughts and ideas as an economist, from his first article on the determinants of international production, published in 1973, to his most recent essay on relational assets, networks and global business activity, completed in 2002. Theories and Paradigms of International Business Activity gives particular prominence to the author's much renowned eclectic paradigm, which he first promulgated at a Nobel Symposium on the international allocation of economic activity in 1976. Since then, the author has written over 60 articles, pamphlets and chapters in books which have extended, refined and updated his theorizing on the interface between trade, FDI and MNE activity, in the light of the changing characteristics of the world economy and advances in international business scholarship. This, the first of two volumes of John Dunning's work, is essential reading for all students, scholars and researchers with a special interest in the reasons behind the explosive growth in post-war FDI and the globalization of business activity.

A critical comparison of Internationalisation theories: Eclectic Paradigm of Dunning vs. Uppsala School

A critical comparison of Internationalisation theories: Eclectic Paradigm of Dunning vs. Uppsala School PDF

Author: Daniela Margardt

Publisher: GRIN Verlag

Published: 2009-06-12

Total Pages: 45

ISBN-13: 3640345924

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Seminar paper from the year 2007 in the subject Business economics - Miscellaneous, grade: 2,0, University of Applied Sciences Saarbrücken, language: English, abstract: 1 Introduction Centuries ago it was out of question for companies to operate worldwide. The costs to act global had been too high as well as the existent lack of knowledge about other countries, cultures, languages, foreign demands etc. But a few decades ago, companies started to run for globalisation which is seen as a process of internationalisation. Globalisation can be defined as a global network of economic processes. Today companies face less risk when engaging in international activities than ever before. Nowadays markets are easy accessible and the society faces a similar development concerning living standards all over the world. Companies notice the existing possibilities when passing national borders. Today internationalisation is an option for big companies as well as for SME ́s. Internationalisation can be defined more exactly as the name “international” predicts as an international network between companies of different nations which means in most cases industrialised nations. Today almost all products and services are internationalised and available on the world market. It is indispensable that enterprises conduct business in host countries to remain competitive. Most companies are aware of internationalisation processes. Multinational companies are enterprises which operate in two or more countries. Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (1) states that in 1980, approximately 17.000 MNE ́s existed. Further Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (1) explains that already in the year 2000, 63.000 MNE ́s existed and in 2004 existed even 70.000 MNE ́s. According to Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (1) belong MNE companies to the countries where their headquarter is based in. Further Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (1) estimates that approximately 9.000 MNE ́s belong to Germany and approximately 2.500 international firms belong to the United States. As it can be observed, the trend in businesses is to become a multinational company. To become a company which engages in international activities is a long time process consisting of various steps. Therefore firms having international intentions began to question under which circumstances they should internationalise its activities and which market entry form they should choose. Methodology Various theories exist which cover that topic for example:... This paper focuses on two approaches which explain firms intention to establish activities outside their national borders...

Knowledge, Networks and Power

Knowledge, Networks and Power PDF

Author: U. Holm

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2015-05-12

Total Pages: 472

ISBN-13: 1137508825

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This book presents more than four decades of research in international business at the Department of Business Studies, Uppsala University. Gradually, this research has been recognized as 'The Uppsala School'. The work in Uppsala over the years reflects a broad palette of issues and approaches.

Multinational Enterprises and the Global Economy

Multinational Enterprises and the Global Economy PDF

Author: John H. Dunning

Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing

Published: 2008-01-01

Total Pages: 947

ISBN-13: 1848441320

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For many years to come this volume. . .is surely going to be the ultimate reference work on international business. . . thanks to Dunning and Lundan, have at their disposal, a wealth of relevant data, as well as theoretical and empirical analyses, which will enable them to assess the capabilities, contributions and challenges posed by the multinational enterprises to the global economy. Seev Hirsch, International Business Review Multinational Enterprises and the Global Economy has become a classic in international business. . . Yet , the book s second edition is even better than the first, in part because of Professor Dunning s wise decision to choose Dr Lundan as his co-author and to draw upon her deep knowledge of various strands of research on business government relations and the societal effects of firm behaviour. . . In addition to being a remarkably useful reference book, Multinational Enterprises and the Global Economy is the first book any IB doctoral student should read to understand the significance and richness of IB scholarship as it has developed over the past 50 years. Alain Verbeke, Journal of International Business Studies The second edition of Multinational Enterprises and the Global Economy provides unparalleled coverage not only of the literature relevant to IB research but also of the evolution of IB in the world economy. Dunning and Lundan offer powerful insights into the societal effects of MNEs and the role of business government relations in the IB context. Journal of International Business Studies This wonderful book offers the definitive synthesis of the modern literature on the economic aspects of international business. It is encyclopedic yet full of incisive insights. It is a creative masterpiece which unbundles the DNA of the multinational enterprise and shows how it is the cornerstone of the field of international business. Alan M. Rugman, University of Reading, UK The rise of the multinational enterprise, and the consequent globalisation of the world economy, was arguably the single most important phenomenon of the second half of the twentieth century. This magisterial book, written by two leading authorities, examines this phenomenon in depth. It explains how foreign investment by multinationals diffused advanced technologies and novel management methods, driving productivity growth in Europe, Asia and North America; however, economic inequalities were reinforced as rich countries attracted more foreign investment than poor ones. This new edition of a classic work is not only an authoritative guide to contemporary multinational business, but a major historical resource for the future. Mark Casson, University of Reading, UK This thoroughly updated and revised edition of a widely acclaimed, classic text will be required reading for academics, policymakers and advanced students of international business worldwide. Employing a distinctive and unified framework, this book draws together research across a range of academic fields to offer a synthesis of the determinants of MNE activity, and its effects on the economic and social well-being of developed and developing countries. Unique to the new edition is its focus on the institutional underpinnings of the resources and capabilities of MNEs, and the role of MNE activity in transmitting and facilitating institutional change. Since the initial publication of this book more than a decade ago, the economic, managerial and social implications of globalisation and technological advancement have become even more varied and prominent. Accompanying these developments, there has been a rise in scholarly interest in interdisciplinary research addressing the important challenges of an ever-changing physical and human environment. Drawing on articles and books from international business and economics, as well as economic geography, political economy and strategic management, a systematic overview of the developments in scholarly thinking is prese

The Internationalisation Process of the Tata Group

The Internationalisation Process of the Tata Group PDF

Author: Laura Schmiedl

Publisher: GRIN Verlag

Published: 2017-07-14

Total Pages: 21

ISBN-13: 3668484082

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Seminar paper from the year 2015 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: 1,3, Anglia Ruskin University (Lord Ashcroft International Business School), course: International Business, language: English, abstract: This report is going to analyse and evaluate the internationalisation process of the Tata group. Therefore the three major global acquisitions of Tata companies will be examined and evaluated after a brief introduction concerning the history and important chairmen of the group. Following there will be an analysis of Tata’s competitive advantage as well as a recommendation for their future direction in order to sustain these advantages. During the last couple of years India, the world’s largest democracy, has also become an important economy not only concerning the inward foreign direct investments from other countries. According to the Investment Country Profiles report on India, the foreign direct investment (fdi) flows abroad have steadily increased since 2000 and peaked in 2007 with US $18.73 billion. In 2011, India reached fdi outflows of US $11.1 billion and most of it flowed to developing economies for example to Africa. This development is due to the increasing internationalisation of Indian firms like Infosys, Wipro or Ranbaxy. Yet, there is one Indian conglomerate that has shaped this development more significantly than any other, the Tata group. It is the largest private group in India in terms of market share and revenues and it has also played a significant role in the economic history of India Moreover, the Tata group is the leading company in terms of the internationalisation of Indian firms due to some important investments abroad.

Emerging Market Multinationals

Emerging Market Multinationals PDF

Author: Alvaro Cuervo-Cazurra

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2016-03-17

Total Pages: 241

ISBN-13: 1107073146

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This book examines the challenges faced by emerging market multinationals as they develop their international operations and proposes actionable solutions.